原作者： Feng Xiao, MD (肖鋒) 文章來源： 中華急診醫學雜志編輯部 發布日期：2013-03-14
Title: 2013 Stroke Guidelines: Revised and New Recommendations (Part 3: Post-intervention)
題目：2013年腦卒中指南：修改的和新的建議摘要（第三部分：介入治療后）
9. Anticoagulation 抗凝治療
The usefulness of argatroban and other thrombin inhibitors in acute ischemic stroke is not well established.
阿加曲班及其它凝血酶抑制劑在急性缺血性腦卒中中的應用效果還沒有很好建立。
10. Antiplatelet Agents 抗血小板藥
Aspirin remains the only antiplatelet agent for which data support use in acute stroke, although trials with other agents are in progress.
阿司匹林還是唯一的一個有證據支持其在急性腦卒中使用的抗血小板藥。其它的藥物還在試驗中。
11. Volume Expansion, Vasodilators, and Induced Hypertension 擴容，血管擴張劑，和誘導性高血壓
Vasodilators are not recommended; Consider vasopressors with symptomatic hypotension; Efficacy of drug-induced hypertension and hemodilution by volume (i.e., albumin) not well established.
不建議使用血管擴張劑；如有癥狀性低血壓可考慮升壓藥；藥物誘發的高血壓和容積性血液稀釋（白蛋白）的效果還不明確。
12. Neuroprotection and Surgery 神經保護和手術
Hyperbaric oxygen is not recommended, except for air embolization; Continue statins; Transcranial near-infrared laser therapy and other neuroprotective drugs not recommended
不建議用高壓氧，除非是氣體栓塞；繼續用他汀類藥物；不建議用經顱近紅外激光療法和其它的神經保護藥。
13. Hospital Admission and Treatment 住院治療
Nasogastric, nasoduodenal, or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube feeding should be used in patients unable to take liquids or solid food.
如病人不能吃液體或固體食物，要考慮用鼻胃管，鼻十二指腸管，或經皮內窺鏡胃造瘺管。
Nasogastric feeding is preferred to percutaneous endoscopy gastrostomy tube feeding until 2-3 weeks post-stroke in patients who cannot take oral liquid and food.
鼻胃管在腦卒中后2－3周內不能從口進液體或固體的病人要優于經皮內窺鏡胃造瘺管。
In patients in whom anticoagulation is contraindicated for DVT prophylaxis, consider external compression devices.
防止DVT的發生，如不能用抗凝藥，可考慮用體外壓縮設備。
Routine nutritional supplements and prophylactic antibiotics have not been shown to be beneficial.
常規營養補充和預防性抗菌素應用還沒有顯示出有益的作用。
14. Treating Neurologic Complications 神經合并癥的處理
Aggressive medical treatment has been previously recommended in deteriorating patients with malignant edema due to a large cerebral infarction; however, the usefulness of this approach is not well established.
雖然過去建議對由于大面積梗塞造成的惡性腦水腫要進行積極藥物治療，但這些方法的效果還不清楚。
Decompressive surgical evacuation of a space-occupying cerebellar infarction can prevent and treat herniation and potential compression of the brain stem. Decompressive surgery is also effective for malignant cerebral edema.
以減壓為目的的小腦占位性梗死病灶的手術清除可以預防和治療腦疝和對腦干的壓迫。減壓手術對惡性大腦水腫也是有效的。
In cases of stroke-induced acute hydrocephalus, a ventricular drain can be considred.
由腦卒中造成的急性腦積水的病例，可考慮腦室引流。
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